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The Moral Molecule: How Trust Works, by Paul J. Zak
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"Philosophy, economics, and biology have rarely been so entertaining."
—Matt Ridley, author of Genome
Paul J. Zak's proclivity for taking blood samples has earned him a nickname as the "vampire economist." But his sanguinary habit is backed by his scientifi�c quest: What if there was a master switch for human behavior? On, and people are loving and generous. Off, and they revert to violence and greed. By studying thousands of blood samples, Zak has pinpointed just such a switch: a brain chemical called oxytocin. Sprinting around the globe and into the human brain, �The Moral Molecule is a dazzling narrative as erudite and entertaining as bestsellers like Flow, Drive, and Why We Love.
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- Sales Rank: #355381 in Books
- Published on: 2013-11-26
- Released on: 2013-11-26
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.01" h x .53" w x 5.35" l, .40 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 256 pages
Review
“This is an important book. Empathy, cooperation, trusting, heroism, stinginess, skepticism, anger, tough mindedness: Paul Zak unpacks these and other deeply human feelings with his pioneering research into brain chemistry and his keen journalist eye--exposing the dignity (and treachery) within our common human nature. You will never think about lobsters, gossip,"butt slapping" footballers, middle management or the recent housing bubble fiasco the same way again. It's a "must know" and a great read."
—Helen Fisher, author of Why We Love
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“Paul Zak tells the remarkable story of how he discovered and explored the biochemistry of sympathy, love and trust with the narrative skill of a novelist. Philosophy, economics and biology have rarely been so entertaining.”
—Matt Ridley, author of Genome
“An ancient mammalian molecule prods us to bond with others. Paul Zak offers a most engaging account of this important discovery, bound to overthrow traditional thinking about human behavior, including economics and morality.”
—Frans de Waal, author of The Age of Empathy
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“Paul Zak's investigations into the best things in life are inspired, rigorous, and tremendous fun. We need more daring economists like him.”
— Tyler Cowen, author of An Economist Gets Lunch
“Zak has always been intrepid, with a sense of innocent but parsimonious wonder, and as a result his book on rather severe issues is nevertheless fresh—and moral.”
—Lionel Tiger, author of God’s Brain
About the Author
Paul J.Zak, Phd, is a professor of economics, management, and psychology at Claremont Graduate University. He is the founding director of Claremont s Center for Neuroeconomics Studies. His Psychology Today blog is also titled The Moral Molecule. He lives in Southern California.
Most helpful customer reviews
22 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
New Ideas, Great Writing
By C. P. Anderson
The molecule is oxytocin. You might be familiar with it from its role in inducing childbirth and lactation. It actually plays a huge role in maternal behavior, as well as pair bonding and pro-social behavior in general. You get a surge of it when you have sex, get a hug, see a baby, hear from an old friend. Its reputation as the love drug is well deserved.
Zak did a couple of interesting things with this hormone. First, he studied it, in a lab setting. Second, he used it to come up with a pretty comprehensive model that explains a lot of human behavior.
Zak's experiments were rather unusual. For one thing, he actually took blood to measure subjects' oxytocin levels. For another, he concentrated on typical economics experiments (the ultimatum game, for example). That's why what he's done has been jokingly called "vampire economics."
What he found is pretty interesting stuff, and basically lays to rest the old notion of homo economicus - the old "reasonable man" acting in his own "rational self-interest." This may be surprising only to economists, but Zak found that people are as emotional as they are rational, and that doing unto others makes you feel pretty darn good and is as much a motivator - if not more - than acquisitiveness.
This leads into his model where oxytocin starts a virtuous cycle of trust, caring, and all sorts of good stuff. He contrasts that with a vicious cycle based on testosterone. He then uses these models and his findings to speculate about quite a bit. For example, he:
* Speculates about the pro-social aspect of testosterone (e.g., enforcing norms)
* Wonders about both hormones' influence on the origin of religion
* Uses a lack of oxytocin to explain autistic and psychopathic behavior
* Finds that Republican have less oxytocin than Democrats and independents
Zak is also an excellent writer. Great stories, humor, and a style that makes for very easy reading.
My only reservations were for the last two chapters, where he goes a little overboard with his speculations. These chapters are not as closely tied to experiments, and get quite wooly, full of platitudes, and somewhat over-blown.
Overall, though, this is one of the best books I've read in quite awhile.
13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Good to trust
By Hande Z
This book is about the hormone oxytocin (which is principally a female hormone but also present in the male). This hormone is the molecule referred to in the title of the book. "Am I actually saying that a single molecule...accounts for why some people give freely of themselves and others are coldhearted bastards, why some people cheat and steal and others you can trust with your life, why some husbands are more faithful than others, and, by the way, why some women tend to be more generous - and nicer - than men?" asks the author Paul Zak. "In a word, yes" he answers.
This molecule as Zak calls it, is a "feel good" hormone that increases when we do simple, feel good things like giving or receiving a hug, or when we give generously. The act of giving stimulates this hormone resulting in the recipient desiring to trust the giver. Zak explains that there is also a counter hormone ("testosterone") which he calls the "bad boy" hormone that increases the impulse to take risk and behave badly. However, testosterone is necessary for physical courage and strength. Thus, the mammalian animal evolved with these two hormones balancing each other and so many of the unusual behavior Zak says, can be attributed to an imbalance of those hormones.
From the general effects and the origin of this hormone in the evolutionary process, Zak discusses specific topics such as the effect of oxytocin deprivation in orphans. He also discusses the influence of oxytocin inclining people to religion. Zak believes, however, that religion serves a useful purpose regardless of whether God exists or not. Some parts of his theory concerning the connections between oxytocin in early civilisations may be controversial insofar as he postulates that oxytocin influence on the feel good factor leads people to have warm feelings which are interpreted as "love" and its connection to sex, and from there to procreation and creation. So maybe for the religious God is love but for scientists like Zak, love is God. It is a fascinating and illuminating book on the whole if one is interested in what makes us tick.
15 of 16 people found the following review helpful.
Terrific science combined with storytelling
By Richard Mckenzie
Paul Zak. Remember the name. No, you need not. His name will come back time and again. He is a shooting star in economics and neuroeconomics. Moral Moelcule is a terrific book. Great science and great storytelling. In traditional economics, morality is an add-on. Something that must be constructed or realized through man-made rules and constitutional constraints on people's collective decision making, and for market-based decision making to work at all. Zak points to how such constraints might not have a prayer of making markets viable without the evolved chemistry of the brain that makes cooperation and trust self-rewarding. Great read, and I felt compelled to post this comment after the first four chapters, in spite of the fact that his arguments are unsettling for me as a traditional economist. I look forward to spending time with the rest of the book. Take a glimpse of the future of economics through this book. Very highly recommended.
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